The key to ensuring good root fusion and minimizing root defects is good joint setup, along with root face the most important dimension is root gap. Too large a root gap and you risk burn through and excess penetration. Too small a root gap and the risk of lack of root fusion and lack of penetration increases significantly. The best way to ensure the welders have the best chance of producing compliant welds is to ensure the root gap is compliant to the welding procedure.